Copy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by readingAllies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War from ABC-CLIO.Use pages 794-799 in Creating America and“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIOtodevelop a complete descriptionfor each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.
THE YALTA CONFERENCE
Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
United Nations will be formed
USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
the roots of the Cold War are established
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**THE UNITED NATIONS
League of Nations was weak and failed without the US
5 nations
FDR urges US Americans to work at wold peace
April 1945: delegates from 50 nations met in San Francisco to discuss an international peace organization
June: all 50 nations agreed in the charter
The United Nations was created
become battle place of the cold war
CONTAINMENT
Containment: the efforts of the US to block the spread of soviet communism
communism was spreading
first announced in 1947 in response to soviet pressure on greece and turkey
Was Truman's main strategy in the Cold War
US works in military and nonmilitary ways to contain communism
"iron curtain had fallen on europe"
George Kenean
George Kenean
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THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE
The Truman Doctrine: promised aid to people struggling to resist threats to democratic freedom
Big part in containment
Greece and Turkey needed a lot of help and aid to resist threats to democratic freedom-they are poorly treated and in bad conditions/poor
Believed that the SU was directing funding the communist forces within the two countries and he thought that the US should help
The aid was primarily finical- $400 million to the two countries
Laid the groundwork for the Marshall Plan
formed America's policy for the Cold War
led to both finical and military problems throughout the world
lets help their governments so they wouldn't want/need the SU to help them/take them over
THE MARSHALL PLAN (Secretary of State, George C. Marshall)
Made in the hopes of stopping the spread of communism
Truman committed the US to support democratic resistance in Europe
similar to the Truman Doctrine, but its aid extended to all of Western Europe- revived the war-torn economies of Europe
The plan offered $13 billion in aid to Western and Southern Europe
Helped the nations of Europe rebuild and repair their economies
Between 1948 and 1952- 17 nations received Marshall funds
helped the nations restore industry, agriculture, and trade
offered the money to ALL european nations!
if the US doesn't help, all nations will "sink"
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THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT
The Western allies merged their zones of Germany-which contained parts of Berlin- into a new democratic German nation
Stalin feared that a united Germany would threaten the SU
Berlin was inside the SU occupied zones-so it became an isolated democratic island
The SU responded by blocking all routes to West Berlin to push the western allies out.
Truman responded with the airlift: which provided, by airdrop, food and other supplies to the city.
the airlift allowed the people in Berlin to survive the 11 month blockade
led to east Germany and democratic West Germany
People died- Cold war heating up
NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT
US alarm about communist control in Eastern Europe
led to the formation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
a defensive alliance- first alliance at a time of peace for america
NATO: an alliance between the US, Canada, and 10 European nations
NATO: believed that a strong military and a united font would deter the soviets from an attack
NATO: each nation would treat an attack on any other member as an attack on itself
led to the SU and Eastern European nations to form the Warsaw Pact
led to US and SU development of nuclear weapons-ARMS RACE began
2 sides ready for war, but it makes other countries not wanted to attack because they know that a ton of other nations will go to war with them
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THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC
The red scare: the fear of communism that swept the US twice to the point of paranoia
The Rosenbergs: the trial of Julius and Ethal Rosenberg, members of the the American Communist Party
The Rosenbergs were convicted of passing atomic secrets to the SU- they were executed in 1953
the HUAC- an organization that began targeting actors, directors, and writers for suspected communism ties
Black list: lists of names of people suspected to be communism
Fear of communism dominated American life!!!
COMMUNISM IN CHINA
The Communists defeated the anticommunist Nationalists in a civil war in China
Moa Zedong: became head of the new Communist state
Americans viewed this as part of a Communist plot to rule the world!
State Department was blamed for failing to stop the communism revolution
American fear of communism grew
China has the BIGGEST popular: BIG problem
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THE KOREAN WAR
No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity
MCCARTHYISM
Joseph McCarthy (Republican senator) selfishly made use of Americans frustration
He used the Korean War to increase Americans' fears of communism- he said that he had a list of 205 state department officials that were apart of the Communism Party
the charges were not proven but it ruined careers
The senate held hearings in which McCarthy accused the US army of "coddling Communists"
After the senate issued a statement criticizing his conduct-he faded away
McCarthyism: became known as reckless charges against innocent citizens
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THE SPACE RACE
1957: US and SU started a SPACE RACE
SU launched the world's first satellite-the Sputnik- which means that the SU has a missile able to reach the US
there were 3 Sputniks:1st was just satellite-2nd contained a dog- 3rd had a laboratory for the study of earth's magnetic field and radiation belt
American scientists raced to launch a satellite
Congress used billions of dollars on space research
The SU's successes prompted the US gov. to increase its dedication to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity
- 1957: US and SU started a SPACE RACE
- SU launched the world's first satellite-the Sputnik- which means that the SU has a missile able to reach the US
- there were 3 Sputniks:1st was just satellite-2nd contained a dog- 3rd had a laboratory for the study of earth's magnetic field and radiation belt
- American scientists raced to launch a satellite
- Congress used billions of dollars on space research
- The SU's successes prompted the US gov. to increase its dedication to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
**